4.5: Transcription of DNA to RNA (2024)

FAQs

4.5: Transcription of DNA to RNA? ›

Transcription takes place in the nucleus. It uses DNA as a template to make an RNA molecule. RNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein.

Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

Recent evidence has suggested that more than 90% of the human genome is transcribed into RNA.

Although RNA polymerase traverses the template strand from 3' → 5', the coding (non-template) strand and newly formed RNA can also be used as reference points, so transcription can be described as occurring 5' → 3'.

Transcription is the name given to the process in which DNA is copied to make a complementary strand of RNA. RNA then undergoes translation to make proteins. The major steps of transcription are initiation, promoter clearance, elongation, and termination.

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA makes RNA makes proteins. The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription, and that by which RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation.

During transcription, the DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base-pairing, and an enzyme called RNA polymerase II catalyzes the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule, which is then processed to form mature mRNA (Figure 1).

All of the RNA in a cell is made by DNA transcription, a process that has certain similarities to the process of DNA replication discussed in Chapter 5. Transcription begins with the opening and unwinding of a small portion of the DNA double helix to expose the bases on each DNA strand.

In DNA, adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T), and guanine always pairs with cytosine (G-C). RNA is the same, except that adenine always pairs with uracil (A-U).

The end product of transcription is an RNA transcript. This could be any form of RNA such as mRNA (messenger RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), or non-coding RNA. Prokaryotes form a polycistronic mRNA whereas eukaryotes form a monocistronic mRNA. Transcription is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

Is RNA always read 5 to 3? ›

By convention, single strands of DNA and RNA sequences are written in a 5′-to-3′ direction except as needed to illustrate the pattern of base pairing.

The main enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase, which uses a single-stranded DNA template to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA. Specifically, RNA polymerase builds an RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction, adding each new nucleotide to the 3' end of the strand.

All mRNAs are read in the 5´ to 3´ direction, and polypeptide chains are synthesized from the amino to the carboxy terminus. Each amino acid is specified by three bases (a codon) in the mRNA, according to a nearly universal genetic code.

The RNA nucleotide sequence is complementary to that of DNA template strand except the presence of uracil in place of thymine. As we know that adenine base pairs with thymine and guanine with cytosine; the RNA sequence of given DNA strand would be UACGGAUCCUG.

Transcription, as related to genomics, is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. This copy, called messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the gene's protein information encoded in DNA.

During transcription, a piece of DNA that codes for a specific gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus of the cell. The mRNA then carries the genetic information from the DNA to the cytoplasm, where translation occurs.

A transcriber is a professional who creates written copy of either video or audio content. Also called transcriptionists, transcribers convert recorded or live human speech into text. Transcribers create copy that follows the conventions of written language, such as grammar rules, and the standards of their industry.

Transcribing and translating both involve converting information from one format into a slightly different one. Transcription takes audio information and converts it to a written format. Translation takes information in a particular language and converts it to one or more additional languages.

- RNA replication requires a DNA template for replication it does not replicate on its own. - RNA relocation just like DNA replication occurs in three stages that include initiation, elongation, and termination. Note: The RNAs are basically of three types depending upon the expression of the gene and their coding.